Federico Bolelli
4Four Seasons in Orthodontics 2026 · Autumn School · Invited Talk

Come Impara l’Intelligenza Artificiale

Dati, paradigmi di apprendimento e ricerca applicata all’imaging dentale

AI in Medical Imaging · How AI Learns · What We Do · Take-Home

Federico Bolelli — AImageLab, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
federico.bolelli@unimore.it · October 29, 2026 · Modena

Benchmarks and Challenges: the ToothFairy Series

Many teams, one clinical task, the same open data and a sealed answer key: four editions of ToothFairy, from one nerve canal to 77 structures and clinical reports.

Segmenting the Inferior Alveolar Canal in CBCT Volumes: the ToothFairy Challenge

Federico Bolelli, Luca Lumetti, Shankeeth Vinayahalingam, ..., Alexandre Anesi, Costantino Grana

IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Dec 2024

The first ToothFairy challenge: inferior alveolar canal segmentation in CBCT.

Multi-Structure Segmentation in CBCT Volumes: the ToothFairy2 Challenge

Federico Bolelli, Luca Lumetti, Niels van Nistelrooij, Shankeeth Vinayahalingam, Mattia Di Bartolomeo, Kevin Marchesini, Arrigo Pellacani, Ettore Candeloro, Gabriele Rosati, Tong Xi, Fabian Isensee, Yannick Kirchhoff, Lars Krämer, Maximilian Rokuss, Constantin Ulrich, Klaus Maier-Hein, Yuxian Jiang, Yusheng Liu, Lisheng Wang, Haoshen Wang, Siyu Chen, Zhiming Cui, Pengcheng Shi, Zhaohong Pan, Xiaokun Liang, Qi Ma, Ender Konukoglu, Marek Wodzinski, Henning Müller, Haipeng Mai, Xiaobing Dang, Shrajan Bhandary, Radu Grosu, Stefaan Bergé, Alexandre Anesi, Costantino Grana

Medical Image Analysis, April 2026

ToothFairy2: multi-structure segmentation, 42 classes.

ToothFairy3: Scaling CBCT Maxillofacial Segmentation to 77 Classes with U-Mamba2

Luca Lumetti, Zhi Qin Tan, Lorenzo Borghi, Niels van Nistelrooij, Gabriele Rosati, Owen Addison, Yupeng Li, Shankeeth Vinayahalingam, Costantino Grana, Federico Bolelli

Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2026, May 2026

ToothFairy3: 77 classes per scan, including the 32 dental pulps.

ToothFairy toolkit and baselines

Code, evaluation scripts and baselines for the whole series

Learning with Less Annotation

Every annotation costs specialist time. Dense masks drawn from scratch, sparse labels the clinic already produces, and a few clicks to correct what the AI proposes.

Segmenting Maxillofacial Structures in CBCT Volumes

Federico Bolelli, Kevin Marchesini, Niels van Nistelrooij, Luca Lumetti, Vittorio Pipoli, Elisa Ficarra, Shankeeth Vinayahalingam, Costantino Grana

IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Mar 2025

Dense annotation from scratch: maxillofacial structures in CBCT.

Improving Segmentation of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve through Deep Label Propagation

Marco Cipriano, Stefano Allegretti, Federico Bolelli, Federico Pollastri, Costantino Grana

IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Jun 2022

Deep label propagation: routine sparse labels turned into dense 3D masks.

ToothFairy3: Multi-Structure Segmentation in CBCT Volumes, part of the ODIN2025 - Oral and Dental Image aNalysis challenges

Federico Bolelli, Luca Lumetti, Zdravko Marinov, Shankeeth Vinayahalingam, Niels van Nistelrooij, Mattia Di Bartolomeo, Kevin Marchesini, Vittorio Pipoli, Paolo Minafra, Torkan Gholamalizadeh, Laura Montesdeoca Fenoy, Natasha Hallberg, Alexandre Anesi, Rainer Stiefelhagen, Costantino Grana

Structured Challenge, Sep 2025

ToothFairy3 interactive track: the clinician clicks, the AI corrects the mask.

Synthetic Data

Generative models learn from real images, then create patients who never existed: for sharing, rare cases and more training data, always validated on real patients.

Enhancing Testicular Ultrasound Image Classification Through Synthetic Data and Pretraining Strategies

Nicola Morelli, Kevin Marchesini, Luca Lumetti, Daniele Santi, Costantino Grana, Federico Bolelli

Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2025, Sep 2025

Synthetic testicular ultrasound: the "real or synthetic?" images from the talk.

Improving Skin Lesion Segmentation with Generative Adversarial Networks

Federico Pollastri, Federico Bolelli, Roberto Paredes, Costantino Grana

2018 IEEE 31st International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS 2018), Jun 2018

Synthetic skin lesions generated together with their masks.

No More Slice Wars: Towards Harmonized Brain MRI Synthesis for the BraSyn Challenge

Omar Carpentiero, Kevin Marchesini, Costantino Grana, Federico Bolelli

BraTS 2025 Lighthouse Challenge, MICCAI Workshop, Sep 2025

Synthesizing missing brain MRI sequences for the BraSyn challenge.

Dental AI at AImageLab

One patient, many modalities: CBCT, intraoral scans and photographs, and the reports orthodontists write about them.

Do Multimodal LLMs Understand Intraoral Dental Data? Dataset, Platform, and Baselines

Luca Lumetti, Federico Rizzo, Francesca Cremonini, Ettore Candeloro, Luca Lombardo, Costantino Grana, Federico Bolelli

European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), June 2026

Bite2Text: 1,000 orthodontic patients, and an AI that writes the report from the intraoral scan.

Ontology-Grounded Structured Prediction for Dental CBCT Reporting

Luca Lumetti, Mattia Di Bartolomeo, Arrigo Pellacani, Alexandre Anesi, Costantino Grana, Federico Bolelli

Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2026, June 2026

From segmentation to structured CBCT reports (ToothFairy4).

PathoClass-BRCA: Reframing Pathology Report Generation as Guideline-Aligned Multi-Task Classification

Alessia Saporita, Vittorio Pipoli, Federico Bolelli, Andrea Acquaviva, Elisa Ficarra

Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference, Sep 2026

The same idea in pathology: the report as guideline-aligned classification instead of free text.

Bits2Bites: Intra-oral Scans Occlusal Classification

Lorenzo Borghi, Luca Lumetti, Francesca Cremonini, Federico Rizzo, Costantino Grana, Luca Lombardo, Federico Bolelli

Oral and Dental Image Analysis - ODIN, MICCAI Workshop, Sep 2025

Bits2Bites: occlusal classification straight from the intraoral scan.

A Public Dataset for Tooth Segmentation in Multi-View Intraoral Photographs

Yibeltal A. Zelelew, Lorenzo Borghi, Kevin Marchesini, Matteo Lugli, Costantino Grana, Federico Bolelli

Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2026 Satellite Events, August 2026

IOP-Compass: tooth segmentation with FDI numbering in intraoral photographs.

Landmark-Guided Coarse-to-Fine Registration of Intraoral Scans and Cone-Beam CT

Alex Veronese, Matteo Lugli, Omar Carpentiero, Kevin Marchesini, Luca Lumetti, Federico Bolelli

Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2026 Satellite Events, August 2026

Landmark-guided registration of intraoral scan and CBCT.

Yggdrasil — collaborative annotation platform

Data organized around the patient, modalities viewed together, the annotation protocol encoded in the platform

Get Involved

AI in orthodontics will be as good as the data and the evaluation you help build.

LMArena Dental — judge AI reports

Blind comparison of orthodontic reports, two minutes per case

Ditto — the AImageLab dataset platform

Open data: ToothFairy, Bite2Text, IOP-Compass and more

Our Research Group

None of this is single-author work. Code for the papers above lives in our group GitHub organization.

AImageLab-zip on GitHub

Our group GitHub organization — code for the works above and more

AImageLab

AImageLab, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

Something missing or a broken link? Let me know. A complete list of publications is available on the publications page.